Vacabulary
1. empire [N] ; อาณาจักร
A group of countries or state that are controlled by one ruler or government.
2. emperor [N] ; จักรพรรดิ
The ruler of an empire.
3. inhabit [VT] ; อยู่อาศัย
To live in a particular place.
4. devastate [VT] ; ทำลายล้าง
To completely destroy a place or an area.
5. grandiose [ADJ] ; ยิ่งใหญ่
Seeming very impressive but too large, complicated, expensive, etc.
6. artificial [ADJ] ; ซึ่งประดิษฐ์ขึ้น
Made or produced to copy sth natural.
7. amphitheatre [N] ; อัฒจันทร์
A round building without a root and with rows of seats that rise in steps around an open space.
8. inscription [N] ; สิ่งที่จารึก
Words written in the front of a book or cut in stone or metal.
9. monument [N] ; อนุสาวรีย์
A building, column, statue, etc. built to remind people of a famous person or event.
10. gesture [VI] ; แสดงท่าทาง
A movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning.
11. appropriate [VT] ; นำเอามาใช้ส่วนตัว
To take sth, sb’s ideas. Etc. for your own use, especially illegally or without permission.
12. contrast [N] ; ความแตกต่าง
A difference between two or more people or things that you can see clearly when they are compared or put close together.
13. outskirts [N] ; พื้นที่รอบนอกของเมือง
The parts of a town or city that are furthest from the centre.
14. literally [ADV] ; อย่างแท้จริง
In the literal way.
15. symbolical [ADJ] ; เป็นสัญลักษณ์
Containing symbols, or being as a symbol.
16. inaugurate [VT] ; เริ่มเป็นทางการ
To introduce a new public officially or leader at a special ceremony.
17. remodel [VT] ; สร้างใหม่
To change the structure or shape of sth.
18. slave [N] ; ทาส
A person who is legally owned by another person and is forced to work for them. 19. increase [VT] ; เพิ่ม
To become or to make sth greater in amount, number, value, etc.
20. capacity [N] ; ความสามารถทางร่างกายหรือจิตใจ
The ability to understand or to do sth.
21. repair [N] ; การซ่อมแซม
An act of repairing sth.
22. restoration [N] ; การกลับสู่สภาพปกติ
The work of repairing and cleaning an old building, a painting, etc.
23. earthquake [N] ; แผ่นดินไหว
A sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface.
24. contest [N] ; การแข่งขัน
A competition in which people try to win sth.
25. gladiator [N] ; นักต่อสู้กับคนหรือสัตว์ในสมัยโรมัน
(in ancient Rome) a man trained to fight other men or animalin order to entertain the public.
26. medieval [ADJ] ; เกี่ยวกับสมัยกลาง
Connected with the middle ages.
27. structure [N] ; โครงสร้าง
The way in which the parts of sth are connected together, arranged or organized.
28. particular [ADJ] ; โดยเฉพาะ
(only before noun) used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person, thing or type of thing and not other.
29. significance [N] ; ความสำคัญ
The importance of sth, especially when this has an effect on what happens in the future.
30. cemetery [N] ; สุสาน
An area of land used for burying dead people.
31. arcade [N] ; ทางเดินที่มีหลังคาโค้ง
A covered passage with ARCHES along the side of a row of buildings(usually a row of shops/stores)
32. recorder [N] ; ผู้บันทึก
A machine for recording sound or picture or both.
33. century [N] ; ศตวรรษ
A period of 100 years.
34. inflict [VT] ; สร้างความเจ็บปวด
To make sb/sth suffer sth unpleasant.
35. tumble [VI] ; ล้ม
To fall down.
36. religious [ADJ] ; เกี่ยวกับศาสนา
Connected with religion or with a particular religion.
37. vegetation [N] ; การปลูกพืช
Plants in general, especially the plants that are found in a particular area or environment.
38. employment [N] ; การจ้างงาน
Work, especially when it is done to earn money.
39. premature [ADJ] ; ยังไม่โตเต็มที่
Happening before the normal or expected time.
40. abandoned [ADJ] ; ที่ถูกละทิ้ง,ที่ผิดศีลธรรม,ที่ถูกปล่อยปละละเลย
Left and no longer wanted, used or needs.
41. reinforced concrete [N] ; โครงสร้างแบบคอนกรีตเสริมเหล็ก
Concrete with metal bars or wires inside to make it stronger.
42. interior [ADJ] ; ภายใน
(usually before noun) connected with the inside parts of sth.
43. automobile [N] ; รถยนต์
A car.
44. exhaust [N] ; การปล่อยควันเสีย
Waste gases that come out of a vehicle, an engine or machine.
45. attraction [N] ; การดึงดูด
A feeling of liking sb, especially sexually.
46. deterioration [N] ; ความตกต่ำ
To become worse.
47. abolish [VT] ; เลิกล้ม
To officially end a law, a system or institution.
48. spectator [N] ; ผู้เข้าชม
Person who is watching an event.
49. backdrop [N] ; ฉากหลัง
Everything that can be seen around an event.
50. corporation [N] ; บริษัท
A large business company.
51. stream [VI] ; ไหล
(liquid or gas) to move or pour out in a continuous flow.
52. portico [N] ; หน้ามุข
A root that is supported by columns, especially one that forms the entrance to a large building.
53. extended [ADJ] ; ซึ่งกว้างออกไป
(only before noun) long or longer than usual or expected.
54. nearby [ADV] ; ใกล้เคียง
(usually before noun) near in position.
55. construct [VT] ; สร้าง
To build or made sth such as a road, building or machine.
56. celebration [N] ; การฉลอง
A special event that people organize in order to celebrate sth.
57. decision [N] ; การตัดสินใจ
A choice or judgement that you make after thinking and talking about what is the best thing to do.
58. victory [VI] ; ชัยชนะ
Success in game, an election, a war, etc.
59. booty [N] ; ของที่ปล้นสะดมมา
Valuable things that are stolen, especially by soldier in time of war.
60. seating [N] ; การจัดที่นั่ง
Places to sit.
61. tradition [N] ; ประเพณี
A belief, custom or way of doing sth that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people.
62. destroyer [N] ; ผู้ทำลาย
To damage sth so badly that it no longer exists, work, etc.
63. possibly [ADV] ; อาจจะ
Used to say that sth might exit, happen or be true, but you are not certain.
64. arena [N] ; สนามกีฬา
A place with a flat open area in the middle and seats around it where people can watch sports and entertainment.
65. mentioned [VT] ; ซึ่งถูกอ้างถึง
To write or speak about sth/sb, especially without giving much information.
66. ancient [ADJ] ; โบราณ
Belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the past.
67. depicting [VT] ; วาดภาพ
To show an image of sb/sth in a picture.
68. several [ADJ] ; หลาย
More than two but not very many.
69. radical [ADJ] ; ซึ่งเปลี่ยนแปลงครั้งใหญ่
(usually before noun) concerning the most basic and important parts of sth.
70. period [N] ; เกี่ยวกับช่วงเวลาในประวัติศาสตร์
A particular length of time.
71. built [VT] ; กริยาช่องที่ 2 และ 3 ของ build
Made in the particular way that is mentioned.
72. confer [VI] ; พบปะพูดคุย
To discuss sth with sb, in order to exchange opinions or get advice.
73. although [CONJ] ; ถึงแม้ว่า
Used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in sentenceseem surprising.
74. numerous [ADJ] ; มากมาย
Exiting in large number.
75. workshop [N] ; ห้องทำงาน
A room or building in which things are made or repaired using tools or machinery.
76. fortify [VT] ; สร้างป้อมปราการ
To make a place more able to resist attack, especially by building high walls.
77. severe [ADJ] ; รุนแรง
Extremely bad or serious.
78. palace [N] ; พระราชวัง
The official home of a king, queen, president, etc.
79. elsewhere [ADV] ; ที่อื่น
In, at or to another place.
80. level [N] ; ระดับตำแหน่ง
The amount of sth that exists in a particular situation at a particular time.
81. extensively [ADV] ; อย่างกว้างขวาง
A spice used extensively .
82. stone [N] ; ก้อนหิน
A hard solid mineral substance that is found in the ground, often used forbuilding.
83. bronze [N] ; ทองสัมฤทธ์
A dark reddish- brown metal made by mixing copper and tin.
84. stonework [N] ; การก่อสร้างด้วยหิน
The parts of a building that are made of stone.
85. pockmark [N] ; รอยแผลฝีดาษหรือฝีหนอง
A hollow mark on the skin, often caused by disease or infection.
86. scar [N] ; แผล
A mark that is left on the skin after a wound has healed.
87. vast [ADJ] ; ใหญ่โต
Extremely large in area, size, amount, etc.
88. derelict [ADJ] ; ถูกทอดทิ้ง
Not used or cared for and bad condition.
89. hulk [N] ; ซากเรือเก่า ๆ ,เรือใหญ่หนัก,เรืออุ้ยอ้าย,คนอุ้ยอ้าย,vi. มีลักษณะที่อุ้ยอ้าย
The main part of an old vehicle, especially a ship, that is no longer used.
90. tunnel [N] ; หลุม
A group of countries or state that are controlled by one ruler or government.
2. emperor [N] ; จักรพรรดิ
The ruler of an empire.
3. inhabit [VT] ; อยู่อาศัย
To live in a particular place.
4. devastate [VT] ; ทำลายล้าง
To completely destroy a place or an area.
5. grandiose [ADJ] ; ยิ่งใหญ่
Seeming very impressive but too large, complicated, expensive, etc.
6. artificial [ADJ] ; ซึ่งประดิษฐ์ขึ้น
Made or produced to copy sth natural.
7. amphitheatre [N] ; อัฒจันทร์
A round building without a root and with rows of seats that rise in steps around an open space.
8. inscription [N] ; สิ่งที่จารึก
Words written in the front of a book or cut in stone or metal.
9. monument [N] ; อนุสาวรีย์
A building, column, statue, etc. built to remind people of a famous person or event.
10. gesture [VI] ; แสดงท่าทาง
A movement that you make with your hands, your head or your face to show a particular meaning.
11. appropriate [VT] ; นำเอามาใช้ส่วนตัว
To take sth, sb’s ideas. Etc. for your own use, especially illegally or without permission.
12. contrast [N] ; ความแตกต่าง
A difference between two or more people or things that you can see clearly when they are compared or put close together.
13. outskirts [N] ; พื้นที่รอบนอกของเมือง
The parts of a town or city that are furthest from the centre.
14. literally [ADV] ; อย่างแท้จริง
In the literal way.
15. symbolical [ADJ] ; เป็นสัญลักษณ์
Containing symbols, or being as a symbol.
16. inaugurate [VT] ; เริ่มเป็นทางการ
To introduce a new public officially or leader at a special ceremony.
17. remodel [VT] ; สร้างใหม่
To change the structure or shape of sth.
18. slave [N] ; ทาส
A person who is legally owned by another person and is forced to work for them. 19. increase [VT] ; เพิ่ม
To become or to make sth greater in amount, number, value, etc.
20. capacity [N] ; ความสามารถทางร่างกายหรือจิตใจ
The ability to understand or to do sth.
21. repair [N] ; การซ่อมแซม
An act of repairing sth.
22. restoration [N] ; การกลับสู่สภาพปกติ
The work of repairing and cleaning an old building, a painting, etc.
23. earthquake [N] ; แผ่นดินไหว
A sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface.
24. contest [N] ; การแข่งขัน
A competition in which people try to win sth.
25. gladiator [N] ; นักต่อสู้กับคนหรือสัตว์ในสมัยโรมัน
(in ancient Rome) a man trained to fight other men or animalin order to entertain the public.
26. medieval [ADJ] ; เกี่ยวกับสมัยกลาง
Connected with the middle ages.
27. structure [N] ; โครงสร้าง
The way in which the parts of sth are connected together, arranged or organized.
28. particular [ADJ] ; โดยเฉพาะ
(only before noun) used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person, thing or type of thing and not other.
29. significance [N] ; ความสำคัญ
The importance of sth, especially when this has an effect on what happens in the future.
30. cemetery [N] ; สุสาน
An area of land used for burying dead people.
31. arcade [N] ; ทางเดินที่มีหลังคาโค้ง
A covered passage with ARCHES along the side of a row of buildings(usually a row of shops/stores)
32. recorder [N] ; ผู้บันทึก
A machine for recording sound or picture or both.
33. century [N] ; ศตวรรษ
A period of 100 years.
34. inflict [VT] ; สร้างความเจ็บปวด
To make sb/sth suffer sth unpleasant.
35. tumble [VI] ; ล้ม
To fall down.
36. religious [ADJ] ; เกี่ยวกับศาสนา
Connected with religion or with a particular religion.
37. vegetation [N] ; การปลูกพืช
Plants in general, especially the plants that are found in a particular area or environment.
38. employment [N] ; การจ้างงาน
Work, especially when it is done to earn money.
39. premature [ADJ] ; ยังไม่โตเต็มที่
Happening before the normal or expected time.
40. abandoned [ADJ] ; ที่ถูกละทิ้ง,ที่ผิดศีลธรรม,ที่ถูกปล่อยปละละเลย
Left and no longer wanted, used or needs.
41. reinforced concrete [N] ; โครงสร้างแบบคอนกรีตเสริมเหล็ก
Concrete with metal bars or wires inside to make it stronger.
42. interior [ADJ] ; ภายใน
(usually before noun) connected with the inside parts of sth.
43. automobile [N] ; รถยนต์
A car.
44. exhaust [N] ; การปล่อยควันเสีย
Waste gases that come out of a vehicle, an engine or machine.
45. attraction [N] ; การดึงดูด
A feeling of liking sb, especially sexually.
46. deterioration [N] ; ความตกต่ำ
To become worse.
47. abolish [VT] ; เลิกล้ม
To officially end a law, a system or institution.
48. spectator [N] ; ผู้เข้าชม
Person who is watching an event.
49. backdrop [N] ; ฉากหลัง
Everything that can be seen around an event.
50. corporation [N] ; บริษัท
A large business company.
51. stream [VI] ; ไหล
(liquid or gas) to move or pour out in a continuous flow.
52. portico [N] ; หน้ามุข
A root that is supported by columns, especially one that forms the entrance to a large building.
53. extended [ADJ] ; ซึ่งกว้างออกไป
(only before noun) long or longer than usual or expected.
54. nearby [ADV] ; ใกล้เคียง
(usually before noun) near in position.
55. construct [VT] ; สร้าง
To build or made sth such as a road, building or machine.
56. celebration [N] ; การฉลอง
A special event that people organize in order to celebrate sth.
57. decision [N] ; การตัดสินใจ
A choice or judgement that you make after thinking and talking about what is the best thing to do.
58. victory [VI] ; ชัยชนะ
Success in game, an election, a war, etc.
59. booty [N] ; ของที่ปล้นสะดมมา
Valuable things that are stolen, especially by soldier in time of war.
60. seating [N] ; การจัดที่นั่ง
Places to sit.
61. tradition [N] ; ประเพณี
A belief, custom or way of doing sth that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people.
62. destroyer [N] ; ผู้ทำลาย
To damage sth so badly that it no longer exists, work, etc.
63. possibly [ADV] ; อาจจะ
Used to say that sth might exit, happen or be true, but you are not certain.
64. arena [N] ; สนามกีฬา
A place with a flat open area in the middle and seats around it where people can watch sports and entertainment.
65. mentioned [VT] ; ซึ่งถูกอ้างถึง
To write or speak about sth/sb, especially without giving much information.
66. ancient [ADJ] ; โบราณ
Belonging to a period of history that is thousands of years in the past.
67. depicting [VT] ; วาดภาพ
To show an image of sb/sth in a picture.
68. several [ADJ] ; หลาย
More than two but not very many.
69. radical [ADJ] ; ซึ่งเปลี่ยนแปลงครั้งใหญ่
(usually before noun) concerning the most basic and important parts of sth.
70. period [N] ; เกี่ยวกับช่วงเวลาในประวัติศาสตร์
A particular length of time.
71. built [VT] ; กริยาช่องที่ 2 และ 3 ของ build
Made in the particular way that is mentioned.
72. confer [VI] ; พบปะพูดคุย
To discuss sth with sb, in order to exchange opinions or get advice.
73. although [CONJ] ; ถึงแม้ว่า
Used for introducing a statement that makes the main statement in sentenceseem surprising.
74. numerous [ADJ] ; มากมาย
Exiting in large number.
75. workshop [N] ; ห้องทำงาน
A room or building in which things are made or repaired using tools or machinery.
76. fortify [VT] ; สร้างป้อมปราการ
To make a place more able to resist attack, especially by building high walls.
77. severe [ADJ] ; รุนแรง
Extremely bad or serious.
78. palace [N] ; พระราชวัง
The official home of a king, queen, president, etc.
79. elsewhere [ADV] ; ที่อื่น
In, at or to another place.
80. level [N] ; ระดับตำแหน่ง
The amount of sth that exists in a particular situation at a particular time.
81. extensively [ADV] ; อย่างกว้างขวาง
A spice used extensively .
82. stone [N] ; ก้อนหิน
A hard solid mineral substance that is found in the ground, often used forbuilding.
83. bronze [N] ; ทองสัมฤทธ์
A dark reddish- brown metal made by mixing copper and tin.
84. stonework [N] ; การก่อสร้างด้วยหิน
The parts of a building that are made of stone.
85. pockmark [N] ; รอยแผลฝีดาษหรือฝีหนอง
A hollow mark on the skin, often caused by disease or infection.
86. scar [N] ; แผล
A mark that is left on the skin after a wound has healed.
87. vast [ADJ] ; ใหญ่โต
Extremely large in area, size, amount, etc.
88. derelict [ADJ] ; ถูกทอดทิ้ง
Not used or cared for and bad condition.
89. hulk [N] ; ซากเรือเก่า ๆ ,เรือใหญ่หนัก,เรืออุ้ยอ้าย,คนอุ้ยอ้าย,vi. มีลักษณะที่อุ้ยอ้าย
The main part of an old vehicle, especially a ship, that is no longer used.
90. tunnel [N] ; หลุม
A passage built underground, for example to allow a road or railway/railroad to go through a hill under a river, etc.
91. bullfight [N] ; กีฬาสู้วัวในสเปน
A traditional public entertainment, popular especially in Spain.
A traditional public entertainment, popular especially in Spain.
92. public [ADJ] ; ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับส่วนรวม
Connected with ordinary people in society in general.
Connected with ordinary people in society in general.
93. outcry [N] ; การโห่ร้องของมวลชน
A reaction of anger or strong protest shown by people in public.
A reaction of anger or strong protest shown by people in public.
94. hastily [ADV] ; อย่างรีบเร่ง
Said, made or done very quickly, especially when this has bad results.
Said, made or done very quickly, especially when this has bad results.
95. forbade [V] ; อดีตกาลของ forbid
(pt of FORBID) to order sb not to do sth.
(pt of FORBID) to order sb not to do sth.
96. triangular [ADJ] ; เป็นรูปสามเหลี่ยม
Shaped like a triangle.
97. partly [ADV] ; บางส่วน
To some extent.
98. annually [ADV] ; ทุกๆปี
Once a year.
99. effect [N] ; ผลกระทบ
A change that sb/sth causes in sb/sth else.
100. modern [ADJ] ; สมัยใหม่
Of the present time or recent times.
Shaped like a triangle.
97. partly [ADV] ; บางส่วน
To some extent.
98. annually [ADV] ; ทุกๆปี
Once a year.
99. effect [N] ; ผลกระทบ
A change that sb/sth causes in sb/sth else.
100. modern [ADJ] ; สมัยใหม่
Of the present time or recent times.
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